---
title: Psalms 109:12 (JPS 1917) — Let there be none to extend kindness unto him; neither let there be… · tree and pragmatics
description: Let there be none to extend kindness unto him; neither let there be any to be gracious unto his fatherless children. Who acts: you, none, any. Psalms 109:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 109:12 · JPS 1917

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Let there be none to extend kindness unto him; neither let there be any to be gracious unto his fatherless children.

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**Who acts:** you, none, any · **What happens:** let, be, extend · **To what, where:** kindness

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This is Psalms 109:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, none, any), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:2026
# text = Let there be none to extend kindness unto him; neither let there be any to be gracious unto his fatherless children.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	ccomp	_	_
4	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	extend	extend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	12	cc	_	_
12	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	any	any	PRON	DT	PronType=Ind	14	nsubj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	cop	_	_
18	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	acl	_	_
19	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	fatherless	fatherless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | infinitive | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **extend** | to-infinitive | none *not said here* | kindness |  |  |  | unto creditor | vn body\_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent kindness=Theme |
| 4 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** | infinitive | any |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is** | to-infinitive | any *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto creditor's fatherless children; gracious *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אַל־יְהִי־ל֭וֹמֹשֵׁ֣ךְ חָ֑סֶד וְֽאַל־יְהִ֥י ח֝וֹנֵ֗ן לִיתוֹמָֽיו׃

[Psalms 109:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.109.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:2026` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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