---
title: Psalms 109:23 (JPS 1917) — I am gone like the shadow when it lengtheneth; I am shaken off as th… · tree and pragmatics
description: I am gone like the shadow when it lengtheneth; I am shaken off as the locust. Who acts: I, heart. Psalms 109:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 109:23 · JPS 1917

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I am gone like the shadow when it lengtheneth; I am shaken off as the locust.

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**Who acts:** I, heart · **What happens:** be, lengthen, shake off · **To what, where:** I

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This is Psalms 109:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:2037
# text = I am gone like the shadow when it lengtheneth; I am shaken off as the locust.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lengtheneth	lengthen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	shaken	shake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
14	off	off	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	locust	locust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | like the shadow; gone *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lengthen** | present | heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **shake off** | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  | as the locust | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כְּצֵל־כִּנְטוֹת֥וֹ נֶהֱלָ֑כְתִּי נִ֝נְעַ֗רְתִּי כָּֽאַרְבֶּֽה׃

[Psalms 109:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.109.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:2037` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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