---
title: Psalms 3:2 (JPS 1917) — LORD, how many are mine adversaries become! · tree and pragmatics
description: LORD, how many are mine adversaries become! Psalms 3:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 3:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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LORD, how many are mine adversaries become!

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**What happens:** become · **To what, where:** adversaries

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This is Psalms 3:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:21
# text = LORD, how many are mine adversaries become!
1	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	vocative	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
6	mine	mine	PRON	PRP$	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: exclamation
- act: express
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · passive |  | mine adversaries |  |  |  | LORD *vocative*; many *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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יְ֭הוָה מָֽה־רַבּ֣וּ צָרָ֑י רַ֝בִּ֗ים קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי׃

[Psalms 3:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.3.2/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **LORD, how many are mine adversaries become!**
2. [Many are they that rise up against me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:21` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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