---
title: Psalms 116:3 (JPS 1917) — The cords of death compassed me, and the straits of the nether-world… · tree and pragmatics
description: The cords of death compassed me, and the straits of the nether-world got hold upon me; I found trouble and sorrow. Who acts: cords, straits, I. Psalms 116:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 116:3 · JPS 1917

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The cords of death compassed me, and the straits of the nether-world got hold upon me; I found trouble and sorrow.

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**Who acts:** cords, straits, I · **What happens:** compass, get, find · **To what, where:** me, hold, trouble

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This is Psalms 116:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cords, straits, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:2114
# text = The cords of death compassed me, and the straits of the nether-world got hold upon me; I found trouble and sorrow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cords	cord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	compassed	compass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	straits	strait	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	nether	nether	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	_
15	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
16	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
17	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
23	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compass** | past | the cords of death | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | past | the straits of the nether world | hold |  |  |  | upon me | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hold=Stimulus |
| 3 | **find** | past | I | trouble and sorrow |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֲפָפ֤וּנִי ׀ חֶבְלֵי־מָ֗וֶת וּמְצָרֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל מְצָא֑וּנִי צָרָ֖ה וְיָג֣וֹן אֶמְצָֽא׃

[Psalms 116:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.116.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:2114` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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