---
title: Psalms 116:11 (JPS 1917) — I said in my haste: 'All men are liars.' · tree and pragmatics
description: I said in my haste: 'All men are liars.' Who acts: I, men. Psalms 116:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 116:11 · JPS 1917

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I said in my haste: 'All men are liars.'

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**Who acts:** I, men · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** haste, liars · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Psalms 116:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:2122
# text = I said in my haste: 'All men are liars.'
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
8	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	liars	liar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	ccomp	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | I |  |  | my haste |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in haste=Manner |
| 2 | **is a** | present | all men | liars |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֲ֭נִי אָמַ֣רְתִּי בְחָפְזִ֑י כָּֽל־הָאָדָ֥ם כֹּזֵֽב׃

[Psalms 116:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.116.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:2122` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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