---
title: Psalms 18:8 (JPS 1917) — Then the earth did shake and quake, the foundations also of the moun… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the earth did shake and quake, the foundations also of the mountains did tremble; they were shaken, because He was wroth. Who acts: earth, foundations. Psalms 18:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 18:8 · JPS 1917

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Then the earth did shake and quake, the foundations also of the mountains did tremble; they were shaken, because He was wroth.

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**Who acts:** earth, foundations · **What happens:** shake, quake, tremble, be · **To what, where:** foundations

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This is Psalms 18:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earth, foundations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:218
# text = Then the earth did shake and quake, the foundations also of the mountains did tremble; they were shaken, because He was wroth.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	quake	quake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	foundations	foundation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
11	also	also	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
15	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	tremble	tremble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	shaken	shake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
23	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	wroth	wroth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	advcl	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past · do-support | the earth |  |  |  | then |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **quake** | infinitive | the earth *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **tremble** | past · do-support | the foundations of the mountains |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **shake** | past · passive |  | foundations *= foundation* |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | past | earth |  |  |  |  | wroth *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַתִּגְעַ֬שׁ וַתִּרְעַ֨שׁ ׀ הָאָ֗רֶץ וּמוֹסְדֵ֣י הָרִ֣ים יִרְגָּ֑זוּ וַ֝יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ כִּי־חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ׃

[Psalms 18:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:218` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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