---
title: Psalms 18:12 (JPS 1917) — He made darkness His hiding-place, His pavilion round about Him; dar… · tree and pragmatics
description: He made darkness His hiding-place, His pavilion round about Him; darkness of waters, thick clouds of the skies. Who acts: fire. Psalms 18:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 18:12 · JPS 1917

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He made darkness His hiding-place, His pavilion round about Him; darkness of waters, thick clouds of the skies.

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**Who acts:** fire · **What happens:** make, cloud · **To what, where:** hiding place, darkness, skies

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This is Psalms 18:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:222
# text = He made darkness His hiding-place, His pavilion round about Him; darkness of waters, thick clouds of the skies.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	iobj	_	_
4	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hiding	hiding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	pavilion	pavilion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	round	round	ADV	RB	_	13	case	_	_
12	about	about	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	skies	sky	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | fire | fire's hiding place | darkness |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset darkness=Beneficiary place=Product |
| 2 | **cloud** |  |  | the skies |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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יָ֤שֶׁת חֹ֨שֶׁךְ ׀ סִתְר֗וֹ סְבִֽיבוֹתָ֥יו סֻכָּת֑וֹ חֶשְׁכַת־מַ֝֗יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃

[Psalms 18:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:222` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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