---
title: Psalms 18:14 (JPS 1917) — The LORD also thundered in the heavens, and the Most High gave forth… · tree and pragmatics
description: The LORD also thundered in the heavens, and the Most High gave forth His voice; hailstones and coals of fire. Who acts: LORD, High. Psalms 18:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 18:14 · JPS 1917

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The LORD also thundered in the heavens, and the Most High gave forth His voice; hailstones and coals of fire.

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**Who acts:** LORD, High · **What happens:** thunder, give · **To what, where:** heavens, voice

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This is Psalms 18:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, High), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:224
# text = The LORD also thundered in the heavens, and the Most High gave forth His voice; hailstones and coals of fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	thundered	thunder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Most	most	ADJ	RBS	Degree=Sup	12	advmod	_	_
12	High	High	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	nsubj	_	_
13	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
18	hailstones	hailstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	parataxis	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	coals	coal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thunder** | past | the LORD |  |  | the heavens |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heaven=Location |
| 2 | **give** | past | the High | LORD's voice |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּרְעֵ֬ם בַּשָּׁמַ֨יִם ׀ יְֽהוָ֗ה וְ֭עֶלְיוֹן יִתֵּ֣ן קֹל֑וֹ בָּ֝רָ֗ד וְגַֽחֲלֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃

[Psalms 18:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:224` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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