---
title: Psalms 119:157 (JPS 1917) — Many are my persecutors and mine adversaries; yet have I not turned… · tree and pragmatics
description: Many are my persecutors and mine adversaries; yet have I not turned aside from Thy testimonies. Who acts: Many, I, Thy. Psalms 119:157 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 119:157 · JPS 1917

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Many are my persecutors and mine adversaries; yet have I not turned aside from Thy testimonies.

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**Who acts:** Many, I, Thy · **What happens:** be, not turn, testify · **To what, where:** persecutors, testimonies

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This is Psalms 119:157 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many, I, Thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:2322
# text = Many are my persecutors and mine adversaries; yet have I not turned aside from Thy testimonies.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	persecutors	persecutor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	mine	mine	PRON	PRP	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
14	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	testimonies	testimony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Many | my persecutors and mine adversaries |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **turn** | present · perfect | I |  |  | Thy testimonies |  | aside *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from testimony=Trajectory |
| 3 | **testify** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom testimony «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
רַ֭בִּים רֹדְפַ֣י וְצָרָ֑י מֵ֝עֵדְוֺתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א נָטִֽיתִי׃

[Psalms 119:157: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.119.157/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:2322` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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