---
title: Psalms 129:1 (JPS 1917) — A Song of Ascents. 'Much have they afflicted me from my youth up', l… · tree and pragmatics
description: A Song of Ascents. 'Much have they afflicted me from my youth up', let Israel now say; Who acts: Ascents, you, Israel. Psalms 129:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 129:1 · JPS 1917

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A Song of Ascents. 'Much have they afflicted me from my youth up', let Israel now say;

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**Who acts:** Ascents, you, Israel · **What happens:** afflict up, let, say, sing · **To what, where:** me, youth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Psalms 129:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ascents, you, Israel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:2410
# text = A Song of Ascents. 'Much have they afflicted me from my youth up', let Israel now say;
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Song	song	NOUN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	parataxis	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Ascents	ascent	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
6	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
7	Much	much	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	ccomp	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
16	',	',	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
17	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
20	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	ccomp	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: express
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=imp, act=express

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict up** | present · perfect | Ascents *= ascent* | me |  | my youth |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |
| 2 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | Israel |  |  |  | now |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **sing** |  | Ascents |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹתרַ֭בַּת צְרָר֣וּנִי מִנְּעוּרַ֑י יֹֽאמַר־נָ֝א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

[Psalms 129:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.129.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:2410` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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