---
title: Psalms 18:32 (JPS 1917) — And who is a Rock, except our God? · tree and pragmatics
description: And who is a Rock, except our God? Psalms 18:32 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 18:32 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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And who is a Rock, except our God?

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**What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Rock

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This is Psalms 18:32 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:243
# text = And who is a Rock, except our God?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	except	except	SCONJ	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a Rock |  |  |  | except our God | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כִּ֤י מִ֣י אֱ֭לוֹהַּ מִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וּמִ֥י צ֝֗וּר זוּלָתִ֥י אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃

[Psalms 18:32: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.32/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [For who is God, save the LORD?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.242/)
2. **And who is a Rock, except our God?**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:243` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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