---
title: Psalms 18:39 (JPS 1917) — I have smitten them through, so that they are not able to rise; they… · tree and pragmatics
description: I have smitten them through, so that they are not able to rise; they are fallen under my feet. Who acts: I, enemies. Psalms 18:39 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 18:39 · JPS 1917

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I have smitten them through, so that they are not able to rise; they are fallen under my feet.

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**Who acts:** I, enemies · **What happens:** smite, not be, rise, fall · **To what, where:** enemies, feet

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This is Psalms 18:39 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, enemies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:250
# text = I have smitten them through, so that they are not able to rise; they are fallen under my feet.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	12	mark	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
19	under	under	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smite** | present · perfect | I | enemies *= enemy* |  |  |  | through *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | enemies *= enemy* |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **rise** | to-infinitive | enemies *= enemy* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **fall** | present · passive |  | enemies *= enemy* |  | my feet |  |  | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֶ֭מְחָצֵם וְלֹא־יֻ֣כְלוּ ק֑וּם יִ֝פְּל֗וּ תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָֽי׃

[Psalms 18:39: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.39/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:250` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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