---
title: Psalms 140:12 (JPS 1917) — A slanderer shall not be established in the earth; the violent and e… · tree and pragmatics
description: A slanderer shall not be established in the earth; the violent and evil man shall be hunted with thrust upon thrust. Psalms 140:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 140:12 · JPS 1917

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A slanderer shall not be established in the earth; the violent and evil man shall be hunted with thrust upon thrust.

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**What happens:** not establish, hunt · **To what, where:** slanderer, earth, violent man

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This is Psalms 140:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:2563
# text = A slanderer shall not be established in the earth; the violent and evil man shall be hunted with thrust upon thrust.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	slanderer	slanderer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	violent	violent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
15	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	hunted	hunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	thrust	thrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	thrust	thrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **establish** | shall · passive |  | a slanderer |  | the earth |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **hunt** | shall · passive |  | the violent man |  |  |  | with thrust upon thrust | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אִ֥ישׁ לָשׁוֹן֮ בַּל־יִכּ֪וֹן בָּ֫אָ֥רֶץ אִישׁ־חָמָ֥ס רָ֑ע יְ֝צוּדֶ֗נּוּ לְמַדְחֵפֹֽת׃

[Psalms 140:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.140.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:2563` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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