---
title: Psalms 19:2 (JPS 1917) — The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth His… · tree and pragmatics
description: The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth His handiwork; Who acts: heavens, firmament, God. Psalms 19:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 19:2 · JPS 1917

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The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth His handiwork;

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**Who acts:** heavens, firmament, God · **What happens:** declare, show, glory · **To what, where:** glory, handiwork

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This is Psalms 19:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heavens, firmament, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:265
# text = The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth His handiwork;
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	declare	declare	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	glory	glory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	showeth	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	handiwork	handiwork	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | present | the heavens | the glory of God |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glory=Attribute |
| 2 | **show** | present | the firmament | firmament's handiwork |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent handiwork=Recipient |
| 3 | **glory** |  | God |  |  |  |  |  | nom glory «state intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם מְֽסַפְּרִ֥ים כְּבֽוֹד־אֵ֑ל וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָ֝דָ֗יו מַגִּ֥יד הָרָקִֽיעַ׃

[Psalms 19:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.19.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:265` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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