---
title: Psalms 147:8 (JPS 1917) — Who covereth the heaven with clouds, who prepareth rain for the eart… · tree and pragmatics
description: Who covereth the heaven with clouds, who prepareth rain for the earth, who maketh the mountains to spring with grass. Who acts: mountains. Psalms 147:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 147:8 · JPS 1917

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Who covereth the heaven with clouds, who prepareth rain for the earth, who maketh the mountains to spring with grass.

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**Who acts:** mountains · **What happens:** cover, prepare, make, spring · **To what, where:** heaven, rain, mountains

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This is Psalms 147:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:2655
# text = Who covereth the heaven with clouds, who prepareth rain for the earth, who maketh the mountains to spring with grass.
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	covereth	cover	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	prepareth	prepare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	maketh	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	spring	spring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present |  | the heaven |  |  |  | with clouds | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent heaven=Destination with cloud=Theme |
| 2 | **prepare** | present |  | rain |  |  |  | for the earth | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent rain=Product for earth=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **make** | present |  | the mountains |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **spring** | to-infinitive | the mountains *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with grass | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הַֽמְכַסֶּ֬ה שָׁמַ֨יִם ׀ בְּעָבִ֗ים הַמֵּכִ֣ין לָאָ֣רֶץ מָטָ֑ר הַמַּצְמִ֖יחַ הָרִ֣ים חָצִֽיר׃

[Psalms 147:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.147.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:2655` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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