---
title: Psalms 148:4 (JPS 1917) — Praise Him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that are above the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Praise Him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that are above the heavens. Who acts: you, waters. Psalms 148:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 148:4 · JPS 1917

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Praise Him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that are above the heavens.

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**Who acts:** you, waters · **What happens:** praise, be · **To what, where:** Him, heavens

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This is Psalms 148:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, waters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:2671
# text = Praise Him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that are above the heavens.
1	Praise	praise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	vocative	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	vocative	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	above	above	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	acl:relcl	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **praise** | imperative | you *not said here* | Him *= he* |  |  |  | ye's heavens of heavens *vocative*; ye's waters *vocative* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | ye's waters |  |  | the heavens |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ שְׁמֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְ֝הַמַּ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר ׀ מֵעַ֬ל הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

[Psalms 148:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.148.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:2671` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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