---
title: Psalms 21:13 (JPS 1917) — For thou shalt make them turn their back, thou shalt make ready with… · tree and pragmatics
description: For thou shalt make them turn their back, thou shalt make ready with thy bowstrings against the face of them. Who acts: thou, enemies. Psalms 21:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 21:13 · JPS 1917

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For thou shalt make them turn their back, thou shalt make ready with thy bowstrings against the face of them.

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**Who acts:** thou, enemies · **What happens:** make, turn · **To what, where:** enemies, back

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This is Psalms 21:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, enemies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:305
# text = For thou shalt make them turn their back, thou shalt make ready with thy bowstrings against the face of them.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nsubj	_	_
11	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
13	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	bowstrings	bowstring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
17	against	against	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nmod	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | shall | thou | enemies *= enemy* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | infinitive | enemies *= enemy* *not said here* | enemies's back |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent back=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | shall | thou |  |  |  |  | with thy bowstrings; against the face of enemies; ready *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֭י תְּשִׁיתֵ֣מוֹ שֶׁ֑כֶם בְּ֝מֵֽיתָרֶ֗יךָ תְּכוֹנֵ֥ן עַל־פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃

[Psalms 21:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.21.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:305` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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