---
title: Psalms 22:17 (JPS 1917) — For dogs have encompassed me; a company of evil-doers have inclosed… · tree and pragmatics
description: For dogs have encompassed me; a company of evil-doers have inclosed me; like a lion, they are at my hands and my feet. Who acts: dogs, company. Psalms 22:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 22:17 · JPS 1917

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For dogs have encompassed me; a company of evil-doers have inclosed me; like a lion, they are at my hands and my feet.

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**Who acts:** dogs, company · **What happens:** encompass, inclose, be · **To what, where:** me, hands

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This is Psalms 22:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dogs, company), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:324
# text = For dogs have encompassed me; a company of evil-doers have inclosed me; like a lion, they are at my hands and my feet.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	encompassed	encompass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	_
12	doers	doer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	inclosed	inclose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
15	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed voice=character, polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encompass** | present · perfect | dogs | me |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot i=Theme |
| 2 | **inclose** | present · perfect | a company of evil doers | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | dogs *= dog* |  |  | my hands and my feet |  | like a lion | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֥י סְבָב֗וּנִי כְּלָ֫בִ֥ים עֲדַ֣ת מְ֭רֵעִים הִקִּיפ֑וּנִי כָּ֝אֲרִ֗י יָדַ֥י וְרַגְלָֽי׃

[Psalms 22:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.22.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:324` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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