---
title: Psalms 27:2 (JPS 1917) — When evil-doers came upon me to eat up my flesh, even mine adversari… · tree and pragmatics
description: When evil-doers came upon me to eat up my flesh, even mine adversaries and my foes, they stumbled and fell. Who acts: evil doers, doers. Psalms 27:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 27:2 · JPS 1917

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When evil-doers came upon me to eat up my flesh, even mine adversaries and my foes, they stumbled and fell.

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**Who acts:** evil doers, doers · **What happens:** come, eat up, stumble, fall · **To what, where:** flesh

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This is Psalms 27:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (evil doers, doers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:397
# text = When evil-doers came upon me to eat up my flesh, even mine adversaries and my foes, they stumbled and fell.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
2	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	_
4	doers	doer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	even	even	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	mine	mine	PRON	PRP$	Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	appos	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	stumbled	stumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | evil doers |  |  |  |  | upon me | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon i=Location |
| 2 | **eat up** | to-infinitive | evil doers *not said here* | my flesh |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flesh=Patient |
| 3 | **stumble** | past | doers *= doer* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **fall** | past | doers *= doer* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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בִּקְרֹ֤ב עָלַ֨י ׀ מְרֵעִים֮ לֶאֱכֹ֪ל אֶת־בְּשָׂ֫רִ֥י צָרַ֣י וְאֹיְבַ֣י לִ֑י הֵ֖מָּה כָשְׁל֣וּ וְנָפָֽלוּ׃

[Psalms 27:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.27.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:397` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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