---
title: Psalms 31:3 (JPS 1917) — Incline Thine ear unto me, deliver me speedily; be Thou to me a rock… · tree and pragmatics
description: Incline Thine ear unto me, deliver me speedily; be Thou to me a rock of refuge, even a fortress of defence, to save me. Who acts: you, Thou. Psalms 31:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 31:3 · JPS 1917

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Incline Thine ear unto me, deliver me speedily; be Thou to me a rock of refuge, even a fortress of defence, to save me.

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**Who acts:** you, Thou · **What happens:** incline, deliver, be, save · **To what, where:** ear, me, rock

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This is Psalms 31:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:449
# text = Incline Thine ear unto me, deliver me speedily; be Thou to me a rock of refuge, even a fortress of defence, to save me.
1	Incline	incline	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	Thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	speedily	speedily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
12	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nsubj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	even	even	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	fortress	fortress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	defence	defence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
28	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **incline** | imperative | you *not said here* | Thine ear |  |  |  | unto me | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent ear=Patient |
| 2 | **deliver** | infinitive | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  | speedily *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | infinitive | Thou | a rock | me |  |  | of refuge | tree rules |
| 4 | **save** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הַטֵּ֤ה אֵלַ֨י ׀ אָזְנְךָ֮ מְהֵרָ֪ה הַצִּ֫ילֵ֥נִי הֱיֵ֤ה לִ֨י ׀ לְֽצוּר־מָ֭עוֹז לְבֵ֥ית מְצוּד֗וֹת לְהוֹשִׁיעֵֽנִי׃

[Psalms 31:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.31.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:449` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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