---
title: Psalms 31:12 (JPS 1917) — Because of all mine adversaries I am become a reproach, yea, unto my… · tree and pragmatics
description: Because of all mine adversaries I am become a reproach, yea, unto my neighbours exceedingly, and a dread to mine acquaintance; they that see me without flee from me. Who acts: I, bones, mine. Psalms 31:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 31:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because of all mine adversaries I am become a reproach, yea, unto my neighbours exceedingly, and a dread to mine acquaintance; they that see me without flee from me.

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**Who acts:** I, bones, mine · **What happens:** become, see, flee, acquaint · **To what, where:** reproach, me

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This is Psalms 31:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, bones, mine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:458
# text = Because of all mine adversaries I am become a reproach, yea, unto my neighbours exceedingly, and a dread to mine acquaintance; they that see me without flee from me.
1	Because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	5	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	mine	mine	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	become	become	VERB	VBN	VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	16	discourse	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
17	exceedingly	exceedingly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	dread	dread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	mine	mine	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	acquaintance	acquaintance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
28	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
29	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	without	without	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
31	flee	flee	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
32	from	from	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	obl	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · passive | I | a reproach and a dread to mine acquaintance |  |  |  | because mine adversaries; unto my neighbours; exceedingly *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | present |  | me |  |  |  | without *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |
| 3 | **flee** | present | bones *= bone* |  |  |  |  | from me | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from i=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **acquaint** |  | mine |  |  |  |  |  | nom acquaintance «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מִכָּל־צֹרְרַ֨י הָיִ֪יתִי חֶרְפָּ֡ה וְלִשֲׁכֵנַ֨י ׀ מְאֹד֮ וּפַ֪חַד לִֽמְיֻדָּ֫עָ֥י רֹאַ֥י בַּח֑וּץ נָדְד֥וּ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃

[Psalms 31:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.31.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:458` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Psalms 31:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.457/)
- next →: [Psalms 31:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.459/)
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