---
title: Psalms 32:1 (JPS 1917) — Happy is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is pardoned. · tree and pragmatics
description: Happy is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is pardoned. Who acts: David. Psalms 32:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 32:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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Happy is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is pardoned.

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**Who acts:** David · **What happens:** be, forgive, pardon · **To what, where:** transgression, sin

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This is Psalms 32:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:473
# text = Happy is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is pardoned.
1	Happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nsubj	_	_
4	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	transgression	transgression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	forgiven	forgive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	pardoned	pardon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | David |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **forgive** | present · passive |  | transgression |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **pardon** | present · passive |  | sin |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לְדָוִ֗ד מַ֫שְׂכִּ֥ילאַשְׁרֵ֥י נְֽשׂוּי־פֶּ֗שַׁע כְּס֣וּי חֲטָאָֽה׃

[Psalms 32:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.32.1/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [A Psalm of David.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.472/)
2. **Happy is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is pardoned.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:473` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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