---
title: Psalms 37:20 (JPS 1917) — For the wicked shall perish, and the enemies of the LORD shall be as… · tree and pragmatics
description: For the wicked shall perish, and the enemies of the LORD shall be as the fat of lambs — they shall pass away in smoke, they shall pass away. Who acts: wicked, enemies. Psalms 37:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 37:20 · JPS 1917

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For the wicked shall perish, and the enemies of the LORD shall be as the fat of lambs — they shall pass away in smoke, they shall pass away.

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**Who acts:** wicked, enemies · **What happens:** perish, be, pass away · **To what, where:** smoke

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This is Psalms 37:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wicked, enemies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:593
# text = For the wicked shall perish, and the enemies of the LORD shall be as the fat of lambs — they shall pass away in smoke, they shall pass away.
1	For	for	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	wicked	wicked	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	perish	perish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	cop	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	lambs	lamb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
20	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
24	away	away	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
31	away	away	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** | shall | the wicked |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | shall | the enemies of the LORD |  |  |  |  | as the fat; of lambs | tree rules |
| 3 | **pass away** | shall | enemies *= enemy* |  |  | smoke |  | away *property* | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **pass away** | shall | enemies *= enemy* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כִּ֤י רְשָׁעִ֨ים ׀ יֹאבֵ֗דוּ וְאֹיְבֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה כִּיקַ֣ר כָּרִ֑ים כָּל֖וּ בֶעָשָׁ֣ן כָּֽלוּ׃

[Psalms 37:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.37.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:593` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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