---
title: Psalms 38:20 (JPS 1917) — But mine enemies are strong in health; and they that hate me wrongfu… · tree and pragmatics
description: But mine enemies are strong in health; and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied. Who acts: enemies. Psalms 38:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 38:20 · JPS 1917

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But mine enemies are strong in health; and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied.

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**Who acts:** enemies · **What happens:** be, hate, multiply · **To what, where:** health, me, enemies

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This is Psalms 38:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enemies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:633
# text = But mine enemies are strong in health; and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	mine	mine	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	hate	hate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	wrongfully	wrongfully	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	multiplied	multiply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | mine enemies |  |  | health |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hate** | present |  | me |  |  |  | wrongfully *property* | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |
| 3 | **multiply** | present · passive |  | enemies *= enemy* |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְֽ֭אֹיְבַי חַיִּ֣ים עָצֵ֑מוּ וְרַבּ֖וּ שֹׂנְאַ֣י שָֽׁקֶר׃

[Psalms 38:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.38.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:633` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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