---
title: Psalms 40:13 (JPS 1917) — For innumerable evils have compassed me about, mine iniquities have… · tree and pragmatics
description: For innumerable evils have compassed me about, mine iniquities have overtaken me, so that I am not able to look up; they are more than the hairs of my head, and my heart hath failed me. Who acts: innumerable evils, iniquities, I, heart. Psalms 40:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.667/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Psalms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA/40/) / [40:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.40.13/) / JPS 1

# Psalms 40:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For innumerable evils have compassed me about, mine iniquities have overtaken me, so that I am not able to look up; they are more than the hairs of my head, and my heart hath failed me.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** innumerable evils, iniquities, I, heart · **What happens:** compass, overtake, not be, look up, be, fail · **To what, where:** me

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Psalms 40:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (innumerable evils, iniquities, I, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:667
# text = For innumerable evils have compassed me about, mine iniquities have overtaken me, so that I am not able to look up; they are more than the hairs of my head, and my heart hath failed me.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	innumerable	innumerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	evils	evil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	compassed	compass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	mine	mine	PRON	PRP$	Number=Plur|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	iniquities	iniquity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	overtaken	overtake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	20	mark	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	advcl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	up	up	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	parataxis	_	_
28	than	than	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
36	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
38	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	failed	fail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
40	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compass** | present · perfect | innumerable evils | me |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **overtake** | present · perfect | mine iniquities | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **look up** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **is** | present | iniquities *= iniquity* |  |  |  |  | than the hairs of my head; more *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **fail** | present · perfect | my heart | me |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֤י אָפְפ֥וּ־עָלַ֨י ׀ רָע֡וֹת עַד־אֵ֬ין מִסְפָּ֗ר הִשִּׂיג֣וּנִי עֲ֭וֺנֹתַי וְלֹא־יָכֹ֣לְתִּי לִרְא֑וֹת עָצְמ֥וּ מִשַּֽׂעֲר֥וֹת רֹ֝אשִׁ֗י וְלִבִּ֥י עֲזָבָֽנִי׃

[Psalms 40:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.40.13/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:667` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Psalms 40:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.666/)
- next →: [Psalms 40:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.668/)
- ↑ back to [Psalms 40:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.40.13/)