---
title: Psalms 40:16 (JPS 1917) — Let them be appalled by reason of their shame that say unto me: 'Aha… · tree and pragmatics
description: Let them be appalled by reason of their shame that say unto me: 'Aha, aha.' Who acts: you, reason, mercy. Psalms 40:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 40:16 · JPS 1917

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Let them be appalled by reason of their shame that say unto me: 'Aha, aha.'

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**Who acts:** you, reason, mercy · **What happens:** let, appall, say, shame · **To what, where:** mercy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Psalms 40:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, reason, mercy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:670
# text = Let them be appalled by reason of their shame that say unto me: 'Aha, aha.'
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	appalled	appall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	shame	shame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
15	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Aha	aha	INTJ	UH	Number=Sing	11	discourse	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
18	aha	aha	INTJ	UH	Number=Sing	16	discourse	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: fragment
- act: express
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=express, voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | mercy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **appall** | infinitive · passive | reason of mercy's shame |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  | unto me | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **shame** |  | mercy |  |  |  |  |  | nom shame «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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יָ֭שֹׁמּוּ עַל־עֵ֣קֶב בָּשְׁתָּ֑ם הָאֹמְרִ֥ים לִ֝י֗ הֶ֘אָ֥ח ׀ הֶאָֽח׃

[Psalms 40:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.40.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:670` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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