---
title: Psalms 44:2 (JPS 1917) — O God, we have heard with our ears, our fathers have told us; a work… · tree and pragmatics
description: O God, we have heard with our ears, our fathers have told us; a work Thou didst in their days, in the days of old. Who acts: we, fathers. Psalms 44:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 44:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
O God, we have heard with our ears, our fathers have told us; a work Thou didst in their days, in the days of old.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** we, fathers · **What happens:** hear, tell · **To what, where:** work, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Psalms 44:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, fathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:712
# text = O God, we have heard with our ears, our fathers have told us; a work Thou didst in their days, in the days of old.
1	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	vocative	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
15	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	iobj	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
19	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nsubj	_	_
20	didst	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	nmod	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present · perfect | we |  |  |  |  | with our ears; God *vocative* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · perfect | our fathers | a work | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient work=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ בְּאָזְנֵ֬ינוּ שָׁמַ֗עְנוּ אֲבוֹתֵ֥ינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָ֑נוּ פֹּ֥עַל פָּעַ֥לְתָּ בִֽ֝ימֵיהֶ֗ם בִּ֣ימֵי קֶֽדֶם׃

[Psalms 44:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.44.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:712` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Psalms 44:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.711/)
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