---
title: Psalms 44:4 (JPS 1917) — For not by their own sword did they get the land in possession, neit… · tree and pragmatics
description: For not by their own sword did they get the land in possession, neither did their own arm save them; but Thy right hand, and Thine arm, and the light of Thy countenance, because Thou wast favourable unto them. Who acts: peoples, own arm, Thou. Psalms 44:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Psalms 44:4 · JPS 1917

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For not by their own sword did they get the land in possession, neither did their own arm save them; but Thy right hand, and Thine arm, and the light of Thy countenance, because Thou wast favourable unto them.

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**Who acts:** peoples, own arm, Thou · **What happens:** not get, save, be, light · **To what, where:** land, possession, peoples, countenance

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This is Psalms 44:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peoples, own arm, Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:714
# text = For not by their own sword did they get the land in possession, neither did their own arm save them; but Thy right hand, and Thine arm, and the light of Thy countenance, because Thou wast favourable unto them.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
2	not	not	ADV	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
7	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	20	cc	_	_
16	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	Thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	countenance	countenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
40	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	42	nsubj	_	_
41	wast	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	cop	_	_
42	favourable	favourable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	advcl	_	_
43	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obl	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **get** | past · do-support | peoples *= people* | the land |  | possession |  | by peoples's own sword | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer land=Stimulus |
| 2 | **save** | past · do-support | peoples's own arm | peoples *= people* |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | Thou |  |  |  |  | unto peoples *= people*; favourable *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **light** |  |  | Thy countenance |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֤י לֹ֪א בְחַרְבָּ֡ם יָ֥רְשׁוּ אָ֗רֶץ וּזְרוֹעָם֮ לֹא־הוֹשִׁ֪יעָ֫ה לָּ֥מוֹ כִּֽי־יְמִֽינְךָ֣ וּ֭זְרוֹעֲךָ וְא֥וֹר פָּנֶ֗יךָ כִּ֣י רְצִיתָֽם׃

[Psalms 44:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.44.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:714` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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