---
title: Psalms 44:12 (JPS 1917) — Thou hast given us like sheep to be eaten; and hast scattered us amo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thou hast given us like sheep to be eaten; and hast scattered us among the nations. Who acts: Thou. Psalms 44:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 44:12 · JPS 1917

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Thou hast given us like sheep to be eaten; and hast scattered us among the nations.

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**Who acts:** Thou · **What happens:** give, eat, scatter · **To what, where:** us, nations

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This is Psalms 44:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:722
# text = Thou hast given us like sheep to be eaten; and hast scattered us among the nations.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	scattered	scatter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
14	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	among	among	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: express
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=express, polarity=neg

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · perfect | Thou |  | us |  |  | like sheep | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | to-infinitive · passive | Thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **scatter** | present · perfect | Thou *not said here* | us |  | the nations |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent we=Theme among nation=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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תִּ֭תְּנֵנוּ כְּצֹ֣אן מַאֲכָ֑ל וּ֝בַגּוֹיִ֗ם זֵרִיתָֽנוּ׃

[Psalms 44:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.44.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:722` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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