---
title: Psalms 44:18 (JPS 1917) — All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten Thee, neither ha… · tree and pragmatics
description: All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten Thee, neither have we been false to Thy covenant. Who acts: we, Thy. Psalms 44:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 44:18 · JPS 1917

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All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten Thee, neither have we been false to Thy covenant.

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**Who acts:** we, Thy · **What happens:** come, not forget, be, covenant · **To what, where:** this, Thee

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This is Psalms 44:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, Thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:728
# text = All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten Thee, neither have we been false to Thy covenant.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	2	det:predet	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	forgotten	forget	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
13	Thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	19	cc	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
17	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	cop	_	_
19	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present · passive |  | this |  |  |  | upon us | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **forget** | present · perfect | we | Thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present · perfect | we |  |  |  |  | to Thy covenant; false *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **covenant** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom covenant «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כָּל־זֹ֣את בָּ֭אַתְנוּ וְלֹ֣א שְׁכַחֲנ֑וּךָ וְלֹֽא־שִׁ֝קַּ֗רְנוּ בִּבְרִיתֶֽךָ׃

[Psalms 44:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.44.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:728` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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