---
title: Psalms 46:7 (JPS 1917) — Nations were in tumult, kingdoms were moved; He uttered His voice, t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Nations were in tumult, kingdoms were moved; He uttered His voice, the earth melted. Who acts: Nations, God, earth. Psalms 46:7 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 46:7 · JPS 1917

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Nations were in tumult, kingdoms were moved; He uttered His voice, the earth melted.

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**Who acts:** Nations, God, earth · **What happens:** be, move, utter, melt · **To what, where:** tumult, kingdoms, voice

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This is Psalms 46:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nations, God, earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:765
# text = Nations were in tumult, kingdoms were moved; He uttered His voice, the earth melted.
1	Nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	tumult	tumult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	moved	move	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	uttered	utter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	melted	melt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Nations |  |  | tumult |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | past · passive |  | kingdoms |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **utter** *speech: other* | past | God | God's voice |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent voice=Topic |
| 4 | **melt** | past | the earth |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הָמ֣וּ ג֭וֹיִםמָ֣טוּ מַמְלָכ֑וֹת נָתַ֥ן בְּ֝קוֹל֗וֹ תָּמ֥וּג אָֽרֶץ׃

[Psalms 46:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.46.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:765` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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