---
title: Psalms 48:9 (JPS 1917) — As we have heard, so have we seen in the city of the LORD of hosts,… · tree and pragmatics
description: As we have heard, so have we seen in the city of the LORD of hosts, in the city of our God — God establish it for ever. Who acts: we, God. Psalms 48:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 48:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As we have heard, so have we seen in the city of the LORD of hosts, in the city of our God — God establish it for ever.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** we, God · **What happens:** hear, see, establish · **To what, where:** city

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Psalms 48:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:789
# text = As we have heard, so have we seen in the city of the LORD of hosts, in the city of our God — God establish it for ever.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
26	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	establish	establish	VERB	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	ever	ever	ADV	RB	_	27	obl	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present · perfect | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **see** | present · perfect | we |  |  | the city of the LORD of hosts in the city of our God |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **establish** | infinitive | God | city |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁמַ֨עְנוּ ׀ כֵּ֤ן רָאִ֗ינוּ בְּעִיר־יְהוָ֣ה צְ֭בָאוֹת בְּעִ֣יר אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ אֱלֹ֘הִ֤ים יְכוֹנְנֶ֖הָ עַד־עוֹלָ֣ם סֶֽלָה׃

[Psalms 48:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.48.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:789` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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