---
title: Psalms 8:4 (JPS 1917) — When I behold Thy heavens, the work of Thy fingers, the moon and the… · tree and pragmatics
description: When I behold Thy heavens, the work of Thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which Thou hast established; Who acts: I, Thou, fingers. Psalms 8:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 8:4 · JPS 1917

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When I behold Thy heavens, the work of Thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which Thou hast established;

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**Who acts:** I, Thou, fingers · **What happens:** behold, establish, work · **To what, where:** heavens, work

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This is Psalms 8:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Thou, fingers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:88
# text = When I behold Thy heavens, the work of Thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which Thou hast established;
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	behold	behold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl	_	_
4	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obj	_	_
20	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nsubj	_	_
21	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: express
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=express

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | present | I | Thy heavens |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer heaven=Stimulus |
| 2 | **establish** | present · perfect | Thou | the work of Thy fingers and the moon and the stars |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |
| 3 | **work** |  | Thy fingers |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כִּֽי־אֶרְאֶ֣ה שָׁ֭מֶיךָ מַעֲשֵׂ֣י אֶצְבְּעֹתֶ֑יךָ יָרֵ֥חַ וְ֝כוֹכָבִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר כּוֹנָֽנְתָּה׃

[Psalms 8:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.8.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:88` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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