---
title: Psalms 58:4 (JPS 1917) — The wicked are estranged from the womb; the speakers of lies go astr… · tree and pragmatics
description: The wicked are estranged from the womb; the speakers of lies go astray as soon as they are born. Who acts: speakers. Psalms 58:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/PSA.949/)

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# Psalms 58:4 · JPS 1917

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The wicked are estranged from the womb; the speakers of lies go astray as soon as they are born.

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**Who acts:** speakers · **What happens:** estrange, go, bear · **To what, where:** wicked, womb, speakers

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This is Psalms 58:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (speakers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:949
# text = The wicked are estranged from the womb; the speakers of lies go astray as soon as they are born.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	estranged	estrange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	womb	womb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	lies	lie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	astray	astray	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	as	as	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	advcl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **estrange** | present · passive |  | the wicked |  | the womb |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | the speakers of lies |  |  |  |  | astray, soon *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bear** | present · passive |  | speakers *= speaker* |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
זֹ֣רוּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים מֵרָ֑חֶם תָּע֥וּ מִ֝בֶּ֗טֶן דֹּבְרֵ֥י כָזָֽב׃

[Psalms 58:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.58.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:949` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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