---
title: Psalms 60:1 (JPS 1917) — For the Leader; upon Shushan Eduth; Michtam of David, to teach; when… · tree and pragmatics
description: For the Leader; upon Shushan Eduth; Michtam of David, to teach; when he strove with Aram-naharaim and with Aram-zobah, and Joab returned, and smote of Edom in the Valley of Salt twelve thousand. Who acts: David, Joab. Psalms 60:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Psalms 60:1 · JPS 1917

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For the Leader; upon Shushan Eduth; Michtam of David, to teach; when he strove with Aram-naharaim and with Aram-zobah, and Joab returned, and smote of Edom in the Valley of Salt twelve thousand.

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**Who acts:** David, Joab · **What happens:** teach, strive, return, smote · **To what, where:** Valley

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This is Psalms 60:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Joab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:977
# text = For the Leader; upon Shushan Eduth; Michtam of David, to teach; when he strove with Aram-naharaim and with Aram-zobah, and Joab returned, and smote of Edom in the Valley of Salt twelve thousand.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Shushan	Shushan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Eduth	Eduth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Michtam	Michtam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	teach	teach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	18	mark	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	strove	strive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	Aram	Aram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	_
22	naharaim	naharaim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	Aram	Aram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	_
27	zobah	zobah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
31	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	smote	smote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	Valley	Valley	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	Salt	Salt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
42	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	43	nummod	_	_
43	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	36	nummod	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **strive** | past | David |  |  |  |  | with Aram naharaim and Aram zobah | tree rules |
| 3 | **return** | past | Joab |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **smote** | past | David *not said here* |  |  | the Valley of Salt |  | of Edom | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ עַל־שׁוּשַׁ֣ן עֵד֑וּת מִכְתָּ֖ם לְדָוִ֣ד לְלַמֵּֽד׃

[Psalms 60:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.60.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:977` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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