---
title: Psalms 60:5 (JPS 1917) — Thou hast made Thy people to see hard things; Thou hast made us to d… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thou hast made Thy people to see hard things; Thou hast made us to drink the wine of staggering. Who acts: Thou, people, us. Psalms 60:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Psalms 60:5 · JPS 1917

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Thou hast made Thy people to see hard things; Thou hast made us to drink the wine of staggering.

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**Who acts:** Thou, people, us · **What happens:** make, see, drink · **To what, where:** people, hard things, us, wine

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This is Psalms 60:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, people, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:PSA:980
# text = Thou hast made Thy people to see hard things; Thou hast made us to drink the wine of staggering.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nsubj	_	_
12	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
14	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	staggering	stagger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · perfect | Thou | Thy people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Thy people *not said here* | hard things |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
| 3 | **make** | present · perfect | Thou | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **drink** | to-infinitive | us *not said here* | the wine of staggering |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wine=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הִרְאִ֣יתָה עַמְּךָ֣ קָשָׁ֑ה הִ֝שְׁקִיתָ֗נוּ יַ֣יִן תַּרְעֵלָֽה׃

[Psalms 60:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.60.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:PSA:980` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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