---
title: Ruth 1:20 (JPS 1917) — And she said unto them: 'Call me not Naomi, call me Marah; for the A… · tree and pragmatics
description: And she said unto them: 'Call me not Naomi, call me Marah; for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me. Who acts: Naomi, Almighty. Ruth 1:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ruth 1:20 · JPS 1917

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And she said unto them: 'Call me not Naomi, call me Marah; for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.

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**Who acts:** Naomi, Almighty · **What happens:** say, not call, call, deal · **To what, where:** me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ruth 1:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Naomi, Almighty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:RUT:23
# text = And she said unto them: 'Call me not Naomi, call me Marah; for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Call	call	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
11	Naomi	Naomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	call	call	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
14	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	Marah	Marah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	xcomp	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Almighty	Almighty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	dealt	deal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
22	very	very	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Naomi |  |  |  |  | unto aught | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **call** | infinitive |  |  | me |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |
| 3 | **call** | infinitive |  |  | me |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |
| 4 | **deal** | present · perfect | the Almighty |  |  |  |  | with me; bitterly *property* | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with i=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ן אַל־תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה לִ֖י נָעֳמִ֑י קְרֶ֤אןָ לִי֙ מָרָ֔א כִּי־הֵמַ֥ר שַׁדַּ֛י לִ֖י מְאֹֽד׃

[Ruth 1:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:RUT:23` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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