---
title: Ruth 2:20 (JPS 1917) — And Naomi said unto her daughter-in-law: 'Blessed be he of the LORD,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Naomi said unto her daughter-in-law: 'Blessed be he of the LORD, who hath not left off His kindness to the living and to the dead.' And Naomi said unto her: 'The man is nigh of kin unto us, one of our near kinsmen.' Who acts: Naomi, man. Ruth 2:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Ruth 2:20 · JPS 1917

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And Naomi said unto her daughter-in-law: 'Blessed be he of the LORD, who hath not left off His kindness to the living and to the dead.' And Naomi said unto her: 'The man is nigh of kin unto us, one of our near kinsmen.'

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**Who acts:** Naomi, man · **What happens:** say, bless, not leave off, be · **To what, where:** man, kindness, living · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ruth 2:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Naomi, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:RUT:46
# text = And Naomi said unto her daughter-in-law: 'Blessed be he of the LORD, who hath not left off His kindness to the living and to the dead.' And Naomi said unto her: 'The man is nigh of kin unto us, one of our near kinsmen.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Naomi	Naomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	_
10	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Blessed	bless	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
21	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	acl:relcl	_	_
24	off	off	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	dead	dead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
35	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
36	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	Naomi	Naomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
38	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
39	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	obl	_	_
41	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
42	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	46	punct	_	_
43	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	_
45	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	cop	_	_
46	nigh	nigh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	ccomp	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	kin	kin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
49	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	46	obl	_	_
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
52	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	46	appos	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
54	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	56	nmod:poss	_	_
55	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	56	amod	_	_
56	kinsmen	kinsman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	nmod	_	_
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	46	punct	_	_
58	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	46	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Naomi |  |  |  |  | unto Naomi's daughter in law | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **bless** | infinitive · passive |  | man |  |  |  | of the LORD | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **leave off** | present · perfect |  | man's kindness | the living and the dead |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent kindness=Theme to living=Recipient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Naomi |  |  |  |  | unto Boaz | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | the man |  |  |  |  | of kin; unto us; nigh *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתֹּ֨אמֶר נָעֳמִ֜י לְכַלָּתָ֗הּ בָּר֥וּךְ הוּא֙ לַיהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹא־עָזַ֣ב חַסְדּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַחַיִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמֵּתִ֑ים וַתֹּ֧אמֶר לָ֣הּ נָעֳמִ֗י קָר֥וֹב לָ֙נוּ֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ מִֽגֹּאֲלֵ֖נוּ הֽוּא׃

[Ruth 2:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.2.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:RUT:46` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Ruth 2:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.45/)
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