---
title: Ruth 4:1 (JPS 1917) — Now Boaz went up to the gate, and sat him down there; and, behold, t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now Boaz went up to the gate, and sat him down there; and, behold, the near kinsman of whom Boaz spoke came by; unto whom he said: 'Ho, such a one! turn aside, sit down here.' And he turned aside, and sat down. Who acts: Boaz, near kinsman. Ruth 4:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Ruth 4:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now Boaz went up to the gate, and sat him down there; and, behold, the near kinsman of whom Boaz spoke came by; unto whom he said: 'Ho, such a one! turn aside, sit down here.' And he turned aside, and sat down.

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**Who acts:** Boaz, near kinsman · **What happens:** go up, sit down, speak, come by, say, turn · **To what, where:** him · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ruth 4:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Boaz, near kinsman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:RUT:70
# text = Now Boaz went up to the gate, and sat him down there; and, behold, the near kinsman of whom Boaz spoke came by; unto whom he said: 'Ho, such a one! turn aside, sit down here.' And he turned aside, and sat down.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Boaz	Boaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
12	down	down	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
13	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	26	discourse	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	kinsman	kinsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	25	obl	_	_
24	Boaz	Boaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
26	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
27	by	by	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
29	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	32	obl	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
33	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
34	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	41	punct	_	_
35	Ho	ho	INTJ	UH	_	41	discourse	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	39	det:predet	_	_
38	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	vocative	_	_
40	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	39	punct	_	_
41	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	ccomp	_	_
42	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
44	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	conj	_	_
45	down	down	ADP	RP	_	44	compound:prt	_	_
46	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	44	advmod	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	41	punct	_	_
48	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
49	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
50	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	51	nsubj	_	_
51	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
52	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	51	advmod	_	_
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
55	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	51	conj	_	_
56	down	down	ADP	RP	_	55	compound:prt	_	_
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	51	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | Boaz | him *= he* |  |  | now | to the gate *result* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient he=Extent to gate=Result |
| 2 | **sit down** | past | Boaz *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Boaz |  |  |  |  | of the near kinsman | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **come by** | past | the near kinsman |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Boaz |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **turn** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | such one *vocative*; aside *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **sit down** | infinitive |  |  |  | here |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **turn** | past | Boaz |  |  |  |  | aside *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **sit down** | past | Boaz *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּבֹ֨עַז עָלָ֣ה הַשַּׁעַר֮ וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שָׁם֒ וְהִנֵּ֨ה הַגֹּאֵ֤ל עֹבֵר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר־בֹּ֔עַז וַיֹּ֛אמֶר ס֥וּרָה שְׁבָה־פֹּ֖ה פְּלֹנִ֣י אַלְמֹנִ֑י וַיָּ֖סַר וַיֵּשֵֽׁב׃

[Ruth 4:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:RUT:70` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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