--- title: Ruth 4:7 (JPS 1917) — Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeemin… · tree and pragmatics description: Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour; and this was the attestation in Israel. — Who acts: this, former time, man. Ruth 4:7 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.77/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ruth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT/4/) / [4:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.7/) / JPS 1 # Ruth 4:7 · JPS 1917 Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour; and this was the attestation in Israel. — **Who acts:** this, former time, man · **What happens:** be, redeem, exchange, confirm, draw off, give · **To what, where:** custom, things, shoe, neighbour, attestation, Israel This is Ruth 4:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, former time, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:RUT:77 # text = Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man drew off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour; and this was the attestation in Israel. — 1 Now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 5 advmod _ _ 2 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 5 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 custom custom NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 former former ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 11 concerning concerning ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 redeeming redeem VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 8 acl _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 concerning concerning ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 exchanging exchange VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 12 conj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 confirm confirm VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 advcl _ _ 19 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 20 det _ _ 20 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 21 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 drew draw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 25 off off ADP RP _ 24 compound:prt _ _ 26 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 shoe shoe NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 to to ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 neighbour neighbour NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 40 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 37 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 40 nsubj _ _ 38 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 attestation attestation NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 nmod _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ 44 — - PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | this | the custom and the attestation | | | now; time | | tree rules | | 2 | **redeem** | gerund | former time in Israel *not said here* | | | | | | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **exchange** | gerund | former time in Israel *not said here* | | | | | | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **confirm** | to-infinitive | this *not said here* | all things | | | | | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thing=Topic | | 5 | **draw off** | past | a man | Israel's shoe | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme | | 6 | **give** | past | a man *not said here* | shoe | Israel's neighbour | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to neighbour=Recipient | | 7 | **is a** | past | this | the attestation | | Israel | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְזֹאת֩ לְפָנִ֨ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל עַל־הַגְּאוּלָּ֤ה וְעַל־הַתְּמוּרָה֙ לְקַיֵּ֣ם כָּל־דָּבָ֔ר שָׁלַ֥ף אִ֛ישׁ נַעֲל֖וֹ וְנָתַ֣ן לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ וְזֹ֥את הַתְּעוּדָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [Ruth 4:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.7/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:RUT:77` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Ruth 4:6 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.76/) - next →: [Ruth 4:8 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.78/) - ↑ back to [Ruth 4:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.7/)