---
title: Ruth 4:9 (JPS 1917) — And Boaz said unto the elders, and unto all the people: 'Ye are witn… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Boaz said unto the elders, and unto all the people: 'Ye are witnesses this day, that I have bought all that was Elimelech's, and all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's, of the hand of Naomi. Who acts: Boaz, Ye, I. Ruth 4:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ruth 4:9 · JPS 1917

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And Boaz said unto the elders, and unto all the people: 'Ye are witnesses this day, that I have bought all that was Elimelech's, and all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's, of the hand of Naomi.

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**Who acts:** Boaz, Ye, I · **What happens:** say, be, buy · **To what, where:** witnesses, all · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ruth 4:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Boaz, Ye, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:RUT:79
# text = And Boaz said unto the elders, and unto all the people: 'Ye are witnesses this day, that I have bought all that was Elimelech's, and all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's, of the hand of Naomi.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Boaz	Boaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	12	det:predet	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
15	Ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	witnesses	witness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	ccomp	_	_
18	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
19	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl:unmarked	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	bought	buy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	ccomp	_	_
25	all	all	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	24	obj	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	Elimelech	Elimelech	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	acl:relcl	_	_
29	's	's	PART	POS	_	28	case	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	all	all	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	25	conj	_	_
33	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	nsubj	_	_
34	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
35	Chilion	Chilion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	acl:relcl	_	_
36	's	's	PART	POS	_	35	case	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	Mahlon	Mahlon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	_
39	's	's	PART	POS	_	38	case	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	Naomi	Naomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Boaz |  |  |  |  | unto the elders and all people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Ye | witnesses |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **buy** | present · perfect | I | all |  |  |  | of the hand of Naomi | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | 's Elimelech | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | 's Chilion and Mahlon | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ בֹּ֨עַז לַזְּקֵנִ֜ים וְכָל־הָעָ֗ם עֵדִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ הַיּ֔וֹם כִּ֤י קָנִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֶֽאֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְכִלְי֖וֹן וּמַחְל֑וֹן מִיַּ֖ד נָעֳמִֽי׃

[Ruth 4:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:RUT:79` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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