---
title: Ruth 4:11 (JPS 1917) — And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said: 'We… · tree and pragmatics
description: And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said: 'We are witnesses. Who acts: people, We. Ruth 4:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.81/)

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# Ruth 4:11 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said: 'We are witnesses.

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**Who acts:** people, We · **What happens:** be, say · **To what, where:** gate, witnesses · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Ruth 4:11 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:RUT:81
# text = And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said: 'We are witnesses.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	_
18	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	witnesses	witness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	ccomp	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | all people and the elders |  |  | the gate |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | all people and the elders |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | We | witnesses |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים עֵדִ֑ים יִתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ כְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀ וּכְלֵאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנ֤וּ שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם בֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃

[Ruth 4:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.11/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said: 'We are witnesses.**
2. [The LORD make the woman that is come into thy house like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the house of Israel; and do thou worthily in Ephrath, and be famous in Beth-lehem;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.82/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:RUT:81` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Ruth 4:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.80/)
- next →: [Ruth 4:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/RUT.82/)
- ↑ back to [Ruth 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.4.11/)