---
title: Song of Songs 2:8 (JPS 1917) — Hark! my beloved! behold, he cometh, leaping upon the mountains, ski… · tree and pragmatics
description: Hark! my beloved! behold, he cometh, leaping upon the mountains, skipping upon the hills. Who acts: hand. Song of Songs 2:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Song of Songs 2:8 · JPS 1917

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Hark! my beloved! behold, he cometh, leaping upon the mountains, skipping upon the hills.

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**Who acts:** hand · **What happens:** come, leap, skip · **To what, where:** mountains, hills

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This is Song of Songs 2:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:SNG:25
# text = Hark! my beloved! behold, he cometh, leaping upon the mountains, skipping upon the hills.
1	Hark	hark	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	_
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	beloved	beloved	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	vocative	_	_
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
6	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	cometh	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	leaping	leap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	skipping	skip	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
17	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | hand |  |  |  |  | my beloved *vocative* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **leap** | gerund | hand *not said here* |  |  | the mountains |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon mountain=Trajectory |
| 3 | **skip** | gerund | hand *not said here* |  |  | the hills |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon hill=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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ק֣וֹל דּוֹדִ֔י הִנֵּה־זֶ֖ה בָּ֑א מְדַלֵּג֙ עַל־הֶ֣הָרִ֔ים מְקַפֵּ֖ץ עַל־הַגְּבָעֽוֹת׃

[Song of Songs 2:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG.2.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:SNG:25` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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