---
title: Song of Songs 3:8 (JPS 1917) — They all handle the sword, and are expert in war; every man hath his… · tree and pragmatics
description: They all handle the sword, and are expert in war; every man hath his sword upon his thigh, because of dread in the night. Who acts: men, man. Song of Songs 3:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Song of Songs 3:8 · JPS 1917

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They all handle the sword, and are expert in war; every man hath his sword upon his thigh, because of dread in the night.

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**Who acts:** men, man · **What happens:** handle, be, have · **To what, where:** sword, war

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This is Song of Songs 3:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:SNG:43
# text = They all handle the sword, and are expert in war; every man hath his sword upon his thigh, because of dread in the night.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	1	det	_	_
3	handle	handle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	expert	expert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	thigh	thigh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	24	case	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	dread	dread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **handle** | present | men *= man* | the sword |  |  |  |  | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | men *= man* *not said here* |  |  | war |  | expert *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | every man | Solomon's sword |  |  |  | upon Solomon's thigh; because dread in the night | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כֻּלָּם֙אֲחֻ֣זֵי חֶ֔רֶב מְלֻמְּדֵ֖י מִלְחָמָ֑ה אִ֤ישׁ חַרְבּוֹ֙ עַל־יְרֵכ֔וֹ מִפַּ֖חַד בַּלֵּילּֽוֹת׃

[Song of Songs 3:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG.3.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:SNG:43` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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