---
title: Song of Songs 4:15 (JPS 1917) — Thou art a fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, and flowing… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thou art a fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, and flowing streams from Lebanon. Who acts: Thou. Song of Songs 4:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Song of Songs 4:15 · JPS 1917

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Thou art a fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, and flowing streams from Lebanon.

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**Who acts:** Thou · **What happens:** be, live, flow · **To what, where:** fountain

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This is Song of Songs 4:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:SNG:61
# text = Thou art a fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, and flowing streams from Lebanon.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
2	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fountain	fountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gardens	garden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	well	well	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Part	16	amod	_	_
16	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Thou | a fountain and a well of living waters and flowing streams from Lebanon |  |  |  | of gardens | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **flow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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מַעְיַ֣ן גַּנִּ֔ים בְּאֵ֖ר מַ֣יִם חַיִּ֑ים וְנֹזְלִ֖ים מִן־לְבָנֽוֹן׃

[Song of Songs 4:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/SNG.4.15/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:SNG:61` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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