--- title: 1 Kings 1:1 — NOW KING David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him w… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: NOW KING David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he could get no heat. Who acts: KING David, they, David. 1 Kings 1:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.1.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/1/) / 1:1 # 1 Kings 1:1 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** KING David, they, David · **What happens:** be, cover, get · **To what, where:** David, heat This is 1 Kings 1:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — KING David, they, David — and what happens in the verse to David, heat, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִ֑ים וַיְכַסֻּ֙הוּ֙ בַּבְּגָדִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יִחַ֖ם לֽוֹ׃ [NOW KING David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he could get no heat.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.0/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:0 # text = וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִ֑ים וַיְכַסֻּ֙הוּ֙ בַּבְּגָדִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יִחַ֖ם לֽוֹ׃ # verse = 1KI.1.1 1-3 וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_1:1!1|MId=o110010010011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_1:1!1|MId=o110010010012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 מֶּ֤לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1KI_1:1!1|MId=o110010010013|Strong=4428 4 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 3 appos _ Gloss=David|Ref=1KI_1:1!2|MId=o110010010021|Strong=1732 5 זָקֵ֔ן זָקֵן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.was.old|Ref=1KI_1:1!3|MId=o110010010031|Strong=2204|Frame=A0:110010010013;|Type=qatal 6 בָּ֖א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=he.had.come|Ref=1KI_1:1!4|MId=o110010010041|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:110010010013;|Type=qatal 7-9 בַּיָּמִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_1:1!5|MId=o110010010051|Strong=0871a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_1:1!5|MId=o110010010051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 יָּמִ֑ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=1KI_1:1!5|MId=o110010010052|Strong=3117 10-12 וַיְכַסֻּ֙הוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_1:1!6|MId=o110010010061|Strong=2050b 11 יְכַסֻּ֙ כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1KI_1:1!6|MId=o110010010062|Strong=3680|Frame=A0:110010020031;A1:110010010063;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 הוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=covered.him|Ref=1KI_1:1!6|MId=o110010010063|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 13-15 בַּבְּגָדִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1KI_1:1!7|MId=o110010010071|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1KI_1:1!7|MId=o110010010071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 בְּגָדִ֔ים בֶּגֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=clothes|Ref=1KI_1:1!7|MId=o110010010072|Strong=0899 16-17 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_1:1!8|MId=o110010010081|Strong=2050b 17 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_1:1!8|MId=o110010010082|Strong=3808|Type=negative 18 יִחַ֖ם חמם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.was.warm|Ref=1KI_1:1!9|MId=o110010010091|Strong=2552|Frame=A0:;|Type=yiqtol 19-20 לֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ל לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_1:1!10|MId=o110010010101|Strong=3807a 20 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_1:1!10|MId=o110010010102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=1KI_1:1!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | זָקֵן *he was old* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | בָּא *he had come* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | יְכַסֻּ *they* | wayyiqtol · piel | | הוּ *covered him* | | | | **not** יִחַם *it was warm* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמַלְכָּא דָוִד סִיב עַל בְּיוֹמִין וּמִכְסַן לֵיהּ בִּלְבוּשִׁין וְלָא שָׁחִין לֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [NOW KING David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he could get no heat.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.0/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:0`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 24:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.24.25/) - next →: [1 Kings 1:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.1.2/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/1/)