--- title: 1 Kings 12:18 — Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the levy; and all Israe… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the levy; and all Israel stoned him with stones, so that he died. And king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem. Who acts: king Rehoboam, Adoram, Israel, speed. 1 Kings 12:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jon --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/12/) / 12:18 # 1 Kings 12:18 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** king Rehoboam, Adoram, Israel, speed · **What happens:** send, be, stone, die, make, get up · **To what, where:** Adoram, levy, Rehoboam, speed, Jerusalem This is 1 Kings 12:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king Rehoboam, Adoram, Israel, speed — and what happens in the verse to Adoram, levy, Rehoboam, speed, Jerusalem, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם אֶת־אֲדֹרָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַמַּ֔ס וַיִּרְגְּמ֨וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל בּ֛וֹ אֶ֖בֶן וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם הִתְאַמֵּץ֙ לַעֲל֣וֹת בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֔ה לָנ֖וּס יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ [Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the levy; and all Israel stoned him with stones, so that he died.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.469/) [And king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.470/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:451 # text = וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם אֶת־אֲדֹרָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַמַּ֔ס וַיִּרְגְּמ֨וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל בּ֛וֹ אֶ֖בֶן וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֗ם הִתְאַמֵּץ֙ לַעֲל֣וֹת בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֔ה לָנ֖וּס יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ # verse = 1KI.12.18 1-2 וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_12:18!1|MId=o110120180011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁלַ֞ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=1KI_12:18!1|MId=o110120180012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:110120180022;A1:110120180051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_12:18!2|MId=o110120180021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1KI_12:18!2|MId=o110120180022|Strong=4428 5 רְחַבְעָ֗ם רְחַבְעָם PROPN _ _ 4 appos _ Gloss=Rehoboam|Ref=1KI_12:18!3|MId=o110120180031|Strong=7346 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_12:18!4|MId=o110120180041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7 אֲדֹרָם֙ אֲדֹרָם PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=Adoram|Ref=1KI_12:18!5|MId=o110120180051|Strong=0151 8 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1KI_12:18!6|MId=o110120180061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[was].over|Ref=1KI_12:18!7|MId=o110120180071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַמַּ֔ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the.forced|Ref=1KI_12:18!8|MId=o110120180081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מַּ֔ס מַס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=labor|Ref=1KI_12:18!8|MId=o110120180082|Strong=4522 12-13 וַיִּרְגְּמ֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_12:18!9|MId=o110120180091|Strong=2050b 13 יִּרְגְּמ֨וּ רָגַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.stoned|Ref=1KI_12:18!9|MId=o110120180092|Strong=7275|Frame=A0:110120180111;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1KI_12:18!10|MId=o110120180101|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 15 יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1KI_12:18!11|MId=o110120180111|Strong=3478 16-17 בּ֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=1KI_12:18!12|MId=o110120180121|Strong=0871a 17 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_12:18!12|MId=o110120180122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 אֶ֖בֶן אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=stone[s]|Ref=1KI_12:18!13|MId=o110120180131|Strong=0068 19-20 וַיָּמֹ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_12:18!14|MId=o110120180141|Strong=2050b 20 יָּמֹ֑ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=1KI_12:18!14|MId=o110120180142|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:110120180051;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-23 וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_12:18!15|MId=o110120180151|Strong=2050b 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_12:18!15|MId=o110120180152|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1KI_12:18!15|MId=o110120180153|Strong=4428 24 רְחַבְעָ֗ם רְחַבְעָם PROPN _ _ 23 appos _ Gloss=Rehoboam|Ref=1KI_12:18!16|MId=o110120180161|Strong=7346 25 הִתְאַמֵּץ֙ אָמֵץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.proved.himself.strong|Ref=1KI_12:18!17|MId=o110120180171|Strong=0553|Frame=A0:110120180153;|Type=qatal 26-27 לַעֲל֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_12:18!18|MId=o110120180181|Strong=3807a 27 עֲל֣וֹת עָלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 25 advcl _ Gloss=go.up|Ref=1KI_12:18!18|MId=o110120180182|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:110120180153;|Type=infinitive_construct 28-30 בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_12:18!19|MId=o110120180191|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_12:18!19|MId=o110120180191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מֶּרְכָּבָ֔ה מֶרְכָּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=chariot|Ref=1KI_12:18!19|MId=o110120180192|Strong=4818 31-32 לָנ֖וּס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_12:18!20|MId=o110120180201|Strong=3807a 32 נ֖וּס נוּס VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 27 advcl _ Gloss=flee|Ref=1KI_12:18!20|MId=o110120180202|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:110120180153;|Type=infinitive_construct 33 יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 32 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=1KI_12:18!21|MId=o110120180211|Strong=3389|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=1KI_12:18!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | אֲדֹרָם *Adoram* | | | | יִּרְגְּמוּ *they stoned* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | יָּמֹת *he died* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲדֹרָם *Adoram* | | | | | הִתְאַמֵּץ *he proved himself strong* | qatal · hithpael | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | עֲלוֹת *go up* | infinitive construct · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | נוּס *flee* | infinitive construct · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלַח מַלְכָּא רְחַבְעָם יַת אֲדוֹרָם דִמְמַנָא עַל מַסְקֵי מִסִין וּרְגָמוּ כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל יָתֵיהּ בְּאַבָנָא וּמִית וּמַלְכָּא רְחַבְעָם אִתְקַף לְמִסַק בִּרְתִיכָא לְמִפַּךְ יְרוּשְׁלָם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the levy; and all Israel stoned him with stones, so that he died.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.469/) 2. [And king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.470/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:451`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 12:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.17/) - next →: [1 Kings 12:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.19/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/12/)