--- title: 1 Kings 12:20 — And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was returne… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was returned, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel; there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only. Who acts: house, Israel, stones, none. 1 Kings 12:20 in Hebrew --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/12/) / 12:20 # 1 Kings 12:20 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** house, Israel, stones, none · **What happens:** come, pass, hear, return, send, call · **To what, where:** Jeroboam, Israel, house · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Kings 12:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — house, Israel, stones, none — and what happens in the verse to Jeroboam, Israel, house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֞י כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־שָׁ֣ב יָרָבְעָ֔ם וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֗וּ וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ אֹת֖וֹ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֤א הָיָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י בֵית־דָּוִ֔ד זוּלָתִ֥י שֵֽׁבֶט־יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ [And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was returned, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel; there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.472/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:453 # text = וַיְהִ֞י כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־שָׁ֣ב יָרָבְעָ֔ם וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֗וּ וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ אֹת֖וֹ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֤א הָיָה֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י בֵית־דָּוִ֔ד זוּלָתִ֥י שֵֽׁבֶט־יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ # verse = 1KI.12.20 1-2 וַיְהִ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_12:20!1|MId=o110120200011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֞י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1KI_12:20!1|MId=o110120200012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=1KI_12:20!2|MId=o110120200021|Strong=3509a 4 שְׁמֹ֤עַ שָׁמַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=as.heard|Ref=1KI_12:20!2|MId=o110120200022|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:110120200041;A1:110120200061;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1KI_12:20!3|MId=o110120200031|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1KI_12:20!4|MId=o110120200041|Strong=3478 7 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1KI_12:20!5|MId=o110120200051|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 8 שָׁ֣ב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 ccomp _ Gloss=he.had.returned|Ref=1KI_12:20!6|MId=o110120200061|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:110120200071;|Type=qatal 9 יָרָבְעָ֔ם יָרָבְעָם PROPN _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=Jeroboam|Ref=1KI_12:20!7|MId=o110120200071|Strong=3379 10-11 וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_12:20!8|MId=o110120200081|Strong=2050b 11 יִּשְׁלְח֗וּ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.sent|Ref=1KI_12:20!8|MId=o110120200082|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:110120200041;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_12:20!9|MId=o110120200091|Strong=2050b 13 יִּקְרְא֤וּ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.called|Ref=1KI_12:20!9|MId=o110120200092|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:110120200041;A1:110120200102;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-15 אֹתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1KI_12:20!10|MId=o110120200101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 15 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_12:20!10|MId=o110120200102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_12:20!11|MId=o110120200111|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_12:20!12|MId=o110120200121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עֵדָ֔ה עֵדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=congregation|Ref=1KI_12:20!12|MId=o110120200122|Strong=5712 19-20 וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_12:20!13|MId=o110120200131|Strong=2050b 20 יַּמְלִ֥יכוּ מָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.made.king|Ref=1KI_12:20!13|MId=o110120200132|Strong=4427|Frame=AA:110120200041;A0:110120200142;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-22 אֹת֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1KI_12:20!14|MId=o110120200141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 22 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_12:20!14|MId=o110120200142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=1KI_12:20!15|MId=o110120200151|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 24 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1KI_12:20!16|MId=o110120200161|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 25 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1KI_12:20!17|MId=o110120200171|Strong=3478 26 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_12:20!18|MId=o110120200181|Strong=3808|Type=negative 27 הָיָה֙ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 cop _ Gloss=anyone.was|Ref=1KI_12:20!19|MId=o110120200191|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:110120200241;|Type=qatal 28 אַחֲרֵ֣י אַחַר ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1KI_12:20!20|MId=o110120200201|Strong=0310 29 בֵית־ בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=1KI_12:20!21|MId=o110120200211|Strong=1004|SpaceAfter=No 30 דָּוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=1KI_12:20!22|MId=o110120200221|Strong=1732 31 זוּלָתִ֥י זוּלָה ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=except|Ref=1KI_12:20!23|MId=o110120200231|Strong=2108 32 שֵֽׁבֶט־ שֵׁבֶט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=the.tribe|Ref=1KI_12:20!24|MId=o110120200241|Strong=7626|SpaceAfter=No 33 יְהוּדָ֖ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=1KI_12:20!25|MId=o110120200251|Strong=3063 34-36 לְבַדּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=it|Ref=1KI_12:20!26|MId=o110120200261|Strong=3807a 35 בַדּ בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=1KI_12:20!26|MId=o110120200262|Strong=0905 36 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=alone|Ref=1KI_12:20!26|MId=o110120200263|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=1KI_12:20!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁמֹעַ *as heard* | infinitive construct · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | שָׁב *he had returned* | | | | שָׁב *he had returned* | qatal · qal | יָרָבְעָם *Jeroboam* | | | | | יִּשְׁלְחוּ *they sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | יִּקְרְאוּ *they called* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | וֹ *him* | | | | יַּמְלִיכוּ *they made king* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | וֹ *him* | | | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | הָיָה *anyone was* | qatal · qal | שֵֽׁבֶט־ *the tribe* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד שְׁמָעוּ כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי תַב יְרָבְעָם וּשְׁלַחוּ וּקְרוֹ יָתֵיהּ לְוַת כְּנִשְׁתָּא וְאַמְלִיכוּ יָתֵיהּ עַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל לָא הֲוָה בָּתַר בֵּית דָוִד אֱלָהֵין שִׁבְטָא דִיהוּדָה בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was returned, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel; there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.472/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:453`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 12:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.19/) - next →: [1 Kings 12:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.12.21/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/12/)