--- title: 1 Kings 15:20 — And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abel-beth-maacah, and all Chinneroth, with all the land of Naphtali. Who acts: Ben. 1 Kings 15:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.15.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/15/) / 15:20 # 1 Kings 15:20 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** Ben · **What happens:** hearken, send, smote · **To what, where:** captains, Ijon This is 1 Kings 15:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ben — and what happens in the verse to captains, Ijon, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע בֶּנ־הֲדַ֜דבֶּנ־הֲדַ֜ד אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָסָ֗א וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ עַל־עָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־עִיּ֣וֹן וְאֶת־דָּ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת אָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑ה אָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑האָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑ה וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כִּנְר֔וֹת עַ֖ל כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ [And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abel-beth-maacah, and all Chinneroth, with all the land of Naphtali.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.575/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:551 # text = וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע בֶּנ־הֲדַ֜דבֶּנ־הֲדַ֜ד אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָסָ֗א וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ עַל־עָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־עִיּ֣וֹן וְאֶת־דָּ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת אָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑ה אָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑האָבֵ֣ל בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑ה וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כִּנְר֔וֹת עַ֖ל כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ נַפְתָּלִֽי׃ # verse = 1KI.15.20 1-2 וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_15:20!1|MId=o110150200011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמַ֨ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.listened|Ref=1KI_15:20!1|MId=o110150200012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:110150200021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בֶּנ־הֲדַ֜דבֶּנ־הֲדַ֜ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בֶּנ־הֲדַ֜ד בֶּן־הֲדַד PROPN _ _ 2 dep _ Gloss=Ben|Ref=1KI_15:20!2|MId=o110150200021 4 בֶּנ־הֲדַ֜ד בֶּןהֲדַד PROPN _ _ 2 dep _ Gloss=Hadad|Ref=1KI_15:20!3|MId=o110150200031 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1KI_15:20!4|MId=o110150200041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1KI_15:20!5|MId=o110150200051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=1KI_15:20!5|MId=o110150200052|Strong=4428 8 אָסָ֗א אָסָא PROPN _ _ 7 appos _ Gloss=Asa|Ref=1KI_15:20!6|MId=o110150200061|Strong=0609 9-10 וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_15:20!7|MId=o110150200071|Strong=2050b 10 יִּשְׁלַח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=1KI_15:20!7|MId=o110150200072|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:110150200021;A1:110150200081;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_15:20!8|MId=o110150200081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12 שָׂרֵ֨י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=the.commanders|Ref=1KI_15:20!9|MId=o110150200091|Strong=8269 13-14 הַחֲיָלִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1KI_15:20!10|MId=o110150200101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 חֲיָלִ֤ים חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.armies|Ref=1KI_15:20!10|MId=o110150200102|Strong=2428 15 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1KI_15:20!11|MId=o110150200111|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ל לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=1KI_15:20!12|MId=o110150200121|Strong=3807a 17 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_15:20!12|MId=o110150200122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1KI_15:20!13|MId=o110150200131|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 19 עָרֵ֣י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=1KI_15:20!14|MId=o110150200141|Strong=5892 20 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1KI_15:20!15|MId=o110150200151|Strong=3478 21-22 וַיַּךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_15:20!16|MId=o110150200161|Strong=2050b 22 יַּךְ֙ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.attacked|Ref=1KI_15:20!16|MId=o110150200162|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:110150200021;A0:110150200171;110150200191;110150200211;110150200241;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_15:20!17|MId=o110150200171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 24 עִיּ֣וֹן עִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 22 obj _ Gloss=Ijon|Ref=1KI_15:20!18|MId=o110150200181|Strong=5859 25-26 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_15:20!19|MId=o110150200191|Strong=2050b 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_15:20!19|MId=o110150200192|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 27 דָּ֔ן דָּן PROPN _ _ 24 conj _ Gloss=Dan|Ref=1KI_15:20!20|MId=o110150200201|Strong=1835 28-29 וְאֵ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_15:20!21|MId=o110150200211|Strong=2050b 29 אֵ֖ת אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_15:20!21|MId=o110150200212|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 30 אָבֵ֣ל אָבֵל־בֵּית־מַעֲכָה PROPN _ _ 24 conj _ Gloss=Abel|Ref=1KI_15:20!22|MId=o110150200221 31 בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑ה _ PROPN _ _ 30 flat:name _ Ref=1KI_15:20!22 32 אָבֵ֣ל אָבֵל PROPN _ _ 30 nmod _ Gloss=Beth|Ref=1KI_15:20!23|MId=o110150200231 33-34 בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑האָבֵ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑ה בֵּיתמַעֲכָה PROPN _ _ 32 flat:name _ Ref=1KI_15:20!23 34 אָבֵ֣ל אָבֵל PROPN _ _ 30 nmod _ Gloss=Maacah|Ref=1KI_15:20!24|MId=o110150200241 35 בֵּֽית־מַעֲכָ֑ה בֵּיתמַעֲכָה PROPN _ _ 34 flat:name _ Ref=1KI_15:20!24 36-37 וְאֵת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_15:20!25|MId=o110150200251|Strong=2050b 37 אֵת֙ אֵת ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1KI_15:20!25|MId=o110150200252|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 38 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1KI_15:20!26|MId=o110150200261|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 39 כִּנְר֔וֹת כִּנֶּרֶת PROPN _ _ 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Kinnereth|Ref=1KI_15:20!27|MId=o110150200271|Strong=3672 40 עַ֖ל עַל ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1KI_15:20!28|MId=o110150200281|Strong=5921 41 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1KI_15:20!29|MId=o110150200291|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 42 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 41 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=1KI_15:20!30|MId=o110150200301|Strong=0776 43 נַפְתָּלִֽי נַפְתָּלִי PROPN _ _ 42 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Naphtali|Ref=1KI_15:20!31|MId=o110150200311|Strong=5321|SpaceAfter=No 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=1KI_15:20!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמַע *he listened* | wayyiqtol · qal | בֶּנ־הֲדַד *Ben* | | | | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | בֶּנ־הֲדַד *Ben* | אֶת־ *(et)* | | | | יַּךְ *he attacked* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אֶת־ *(et)* + וְ *and* + וְ *and* + אָבֵל *Maacah* | | | בֶּנ־הֲדַד *Ben* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקַבֵּל בַּר הֲדַד מִן מַלְכָּא אָסָא וּשְׁדַר יַת רַבָּנֵי חֵילְוָתָא דִילֵיהּ עַל קִרְוֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמְחָא יַת עִיוֹן וְיַת דָן וְיַת אָבֵל בֵּית מַעֲכָה וְיַת כָּל גִינוֹסַר עַל כָּל אֲרַע שִׁבְטָא דְבֵית נַפְתָּלִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abel-beth-maacah, and all Chinneroth, with all the land of Naphtali.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.575/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:551`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 15:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.15.19/) - next →: [1 Kings 15:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.15.21/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/15/)