--- title: 1 Kings 15:3 — And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done befor… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done before him; and his heart was not whole with the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father. Who acts: Abijam, heart. 1 Kings 15:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.15.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/15/) / 15:3 # 1 Kings 15:3 מְלָכִים א **Who acts:** Abijam, heart · **What happens:** walk, do, not be · **To what, where:** sins This is 1 Kings 15:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abijam, heart — and what happens in the verse to sins, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ בְּכָל־חַטֹּ֥אות אָבִ֖יו אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה לְפָנָ֑יו וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה לְבָב֤וֹ שָׁלֵם֙ עִם־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו כִּלְבַ֖ב דָּוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו׃ [And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done before him; and his heart was not whole with the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.557/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1KI:534 # text = וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ בְּכָל־חַטֹּ֥אות אָבִ֖יו אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה לְפָנָ֑יו וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה לְבָב֤וֹ שָׁלֵם֙ עִם־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו כִּלְבַ֖ב דָּוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו׃ # verse = 1KI.15.3 1-2 וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_15:3!1|MId=o110150030011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּ֕לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.walked|Ref=1KI_15:3!1|MId=o110150030012|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:110150010091;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1KI_15:3!2|MId=o110150030021|Strong=0871a 4 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1KI_15:3!2|MId=o110150030022|Strong=3605 5 חַטֹּ֥אות חַטָּאת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sins|Ref=1KI_15:3!3|MId=o110150030031|Strong=2403 6-7 אָבִ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אָבִ֖י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.father|Ref=1KI_15:3!4|MId=o110150030041|Strong=0001 7 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_15:3!4|MId=o110150030042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1KI_15:3!5|MId=o110150030051|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 9 עָשָׂ֣ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.done|Ref=1KI_15:3!6|MId=o110150030061|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:110150030041;A1:110150030031;|Type=qatal 10-12 לְפָנָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=1KI_15:3!7|MId=o110150030071|Strong=3807a 11 פָנָ֑י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=1KI_15:3!7|MId=o110150030072|Strong=6440 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=1KI_15:3!7|MId=o110150030073|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-14 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1KI_15:3!8|MId=o110150030081|Strong=2050b 14 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1KI_15:3!8|MId=o110150030082|Strong=3808|Type=negative 15 הָיָ֨ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 18 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1KI_15:3!9|MId=o110150030091|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:110150030101;|Type=qatal 16-17 לְבָב֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְבָב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=1KI_15:3!10|MId=o110150030101|Strong=3824 17 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_15:3!10|MId=o110150030102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 שָׁלֵם֙ שָׁלֵם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=complete|Ref=1KI_15:3!11|MId=o110150030111|Strong=8003|Type=adjective 19 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1KI_15:3!12|MId=o110150030121|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 20 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1KI_15:3!13|MId=o110150030131|Strong=3068 21-22 אֱלֹהָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֱלֹהָ֔י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=1KI_15:3!14|MId=o110150030141|Strong=0430 22 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_15:3!14|MId=o110150030142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-24 כִּלְבַ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=1KI_15:3!15|MId=o110150030151|Strong=3509a 24 לְבַ֖ב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=the.heart|Ref=1KI_15:3!15|MId=o110150030152|Strong=3824 25 דָּוִ֥ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=1KI_15:3!16|MId=o110150030161|Strong=1732 26-27 אָבִֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 אָבִֽי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 appos _ Gloss=ancestor|Ref=1KI_15:3!17|MId=o110150030171|Strong=0001 27 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1KI_15:3!17|MId=o110150030172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1KI_15:3!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּלֶךְ *he walked* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | עָשָׂה *he had done* | qatal · qal | אָבִי *his father* | חַטֹּאות *the sins* | | | | הָיָה *it was* | qatal · qal | לְבָב *heart* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲזֵל בְּכָל חוֹבֵי אֲבוּהִי דַעֲבַד קָדָמוֹהִי וְלָא הֲוָה לִבֵיהּ שְׁלִים בִּדְחַלְתֵּיהּ דַייָ אֱלָהֵיהּ כְּלִבֵּיהּ דְדָוִד אֲבוּהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done before him; and his heart was not whole with the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.557/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1KI:534`. - ← previous: [1 Kings 15:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.15.2/) - next →: [1 Kings 15:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.15.4/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/15/)